Compressed wood is a product made of recyclable materials which include wood fibers, sawdust, wood particles, wood shavings and a veneer facade. It has many common applications, notably furniture, cabinetry, and trim work.
The material is combined and compressed under high pressure to create compressed wood boards. This increases the strength, resistance and durability of the compressed wood.
The boards are prone to water and moisture and get damaged and lose their strength when exposed to the same. The material is very cost-effective hence it is becoming very popular for fabricating furniture in very beautiful designs.
Origin
Though the use of layers of veneer has been around since ancient times, the first modern compressed wood was invented in Germany in 1887.
It became common after World War II and spread worldwide due to its affordability and mass production.
Initial versions were made simply from swept-up wood shavings mixed with glue, though, over time, the process has become more sophisticated to produce a more uniform, sturdier product.
These days, compressed wood is usually made from wood chips, shavings, sawdust, or fibers, which are mixed with synthetic resin and compressed under heat.
Properties of Compressed Wood
- Density: Compressed wood has a higher density compared to regular wood due to the reduction of air pockets and compression of the wood fibers.
- Strength: It generally exhibits increased strength and durability, making it resistant to warping and splitting.
- Weight: The weight of compressed wood can be greater than that of regular wood, depending on the extent of compression.
- Surface Finish: It often has a smoother surface compared to non-compressed wood, which can be advantageous for certain finishes and applications.
Compressed Wood Types
- Plywood: is made from layers (plies) of wood veneer glued together. Commonly used in construction, furniture making, and cabinetry. Generally ranges from 400 to 800 kg/m3, depending on the type and thickness. It provides structural support and can be used for both structural and aesthetic purposes.
- Particleboard: Made from wood chips, sawmill shavings, and sawdust that are bonded together with adhesive. It’s often referred to as chipboard.: Widely used in furniture and cabinetry, and as an under layment for floors. Typically around 600 to 800 kg/m³. Provides a cost-effective and stable material for furniture and interior uses, though it is less durable compared to plywood.
- Oriented Strand Board (OSB): OSB is made from strands of wood arranged in layers and bonded with adhesives. The strands are oriented in specific directions to enhance strength. Often used in structural applications such as wall sheathing, flooring, and roof decking. Usually around 500 to 700 kg/m³. Offers strength and durability for structural applications, similar to plywood but generally at a lower cost.
- Medium-Density Fiberboard: MDF is made from wood fibers bonded with adhesive under heat and pressure. It has a smooth surface and uniform density. Common in furniture, cabinetry, and decorative moldings due to its smooth finish and ease of machining. Typically around 600 to 800 kg/m³. Ideal for applications requiring detailed machining and a smooth surface finish, though it’s less resistant to moisture.
- High-Density Fiberboard: Similar to MDF but denser and harder. Made from wood fibers bonded with adhesives under high pressure. Often used in flooring (like laminate floors) and as a substrate for furniture. Typically around 800 to 1200 kg/m³. Provides durability and a high-quality surface, making it suitable for heavy-duty applications.
- Laminated Veneer Lumber: LVL is made from thin layers of wood veneers bonded together with adhesive. It’s engineered for high strength. Commonly used in structural applications such as beams, headers, and joists. Typically around 600 to 800 kg/m³. Offers high strength and stability for load-bearing applications, often used in construction where traditional lumber might not be suitable.
Uses
- Furniture: Compressed wood is commonly used in the production of high-quality furniture due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.
- Construction: It can be used in construction for flooring, wall panels, and other structural elements where added strength is beneficial.
- Decorative Items: Its smooth finish makes it suitable for decorative items and detailed carvings.
- Engineered Wood Products: Compressed wood is often used as a base material for engineered wood products like plywood and particleboard.
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